By the reign of Amenemhat I, Lower Nubia was populated by late-Early C-Group (phase Ib) settlements, found at sites such as Dakkeh, Faras and Wawat (Kemp 1983: 127 O'Connor 1993: 35 Edwards 2004: 78, 81, 94 Morkot 2000: 53). To better understand Egypt's relation with Kerma, it is essential to first know a little about the area which lies between Kush and Upper Egypt, a region that acted as a crossroad in Egyptian-Kerman interrelations. It should be noted, however, that each of the aforementioned time periods are approximate and fall within broader archaeological constructs which often overlap. From here, I shall endeavour to illustrate how sociocultural traditions within Kushite and Egyptian societies were influenced by political fluctuations along the Nubian frontier. 1640-1548 BCE) and New Kingdom (post-Classic) Kerma, roughly the reigns of Thutmose I through Horemheb (c. 1990-1725 BCE) mid-to-late Classic Kerma during the Second Intermediate Period (c. Synthesizing the two principal chronologies, I have arrived at three specific periods of interaction that I wish to examine: Middle Kingdom Period/Middle Kerma from the reigns of Amenemhat I to Sobekhotep IV (c. In this essay, I will discuss the changing relations between ancient Egypt and Kerma.
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